ABSTRACT

The environmental quality is greatly focused on water because of its importance in maintaining the human health and stability of the ecosystem. Many parts of the world are facing water scarcity problem due to limitation of water resources coincided with increasing population. Rivers are vital freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of life. In the present study, river water samples were collected in the period between February – July 2009 from three different stations of Kalpathy River. The present study on Phytoplankton analysis revealed the dominance of chlorophyceae followed by cyanophyceae and bacillariophyceae.

Keywords: Pollution, Kalpathy River, Phytoplanktons.

ABSTRACT

Phenytoin is one of the most commonly used anticonvulsant drug. It is also used for treating cardiac arrhythmias, digitalis intoxication, migraine and trigeminal neuralgia. On long term oral administration it causes dose dependent gingival hyperplasia as side effect and by virtue of this effect Phenytoin may exert the wound healing property and hence present study was planned to see effect of Phenytoin cream on linear incisional wound healing. To study the effect of Phenytoin on wound healing using the acute linear incisional wound model in rats. Wound healing property of topical Phenytoin cream studied in incision wound model of wound healing in albino Wistar rats and it was compared with control and vehicle group. Results were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. In present study the wound healing property of topical Phenytoin and of petroleum jelly as a vehicle showed statistically significant activity (p<0.05) compared to control and the topical application of Phenytoin showed statistically significant activity (p<0.05) compared to petroleum jelly only after 12 day of treatment in acute linear incisional wound model. Phenytoin when applied topically promotes the healing of wound however it did not had significant wound promoting effect in acute linear model of wound healing.

Keywords: Epithelialization, Phenytoin, Wound healing, Incisional.

ABSTRACT

Chronic oral administration of aqueous extract of garlic and metoprolol are reported to possess cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat when they were administered individually. However, no scientific evidence is available for their combined use. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the interactive effect aq. extract of garlic and metoprolol on the ISO induced chronic M.I. in rat. Isoprenaline (3 mg/kg, s.c) was administered for 30 days to Sprague dawley rats while treated with garlic aq. extract (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o 30 days) and metoprolol (150 mg/kg, p.o. seven days) in separate groups. When myocardial cells damaged or destroyed due to Isoprenaline, which results in the leakage of enzymes. This is the reason for increase activities of LDH, CKMB, SOD and Catalase in serum of rats with M.I. induced by Isoprenaline. In serum there was significant reduction in LDH, CKMB in groups treated with GLD and GHD. Introduction of metoprolol during therapy of GLD and GHD of garlic aq. extract caused reduction of LDH, CK-MB, activities in serum effectively. In HTH enhancement of LDH, CK-MB, SOD and Catalase activities in GLD and GHD, Introduction of metoprolol during chronic therapy of garlic aq. extract, it potentially increase the activity of LDH, CK-MB, SOD and Catalase in HTH. The elevated TBARS levels were ameliorated in all treated groups. The best results were found in-group subjected to high dose of garlic aq. extract along with metoprolol. In conclusion, combined therapy of garlic aq. extract and metaprolol possess synergistic potential as cardioprotective remedy for combating myocardial stress.

Keywords: Aq. extract of Garlic, Myocardial infarction, Isoprenaline, Metoprolol.

ABSTRACT

An investigation was undertaken to determine the amount of Colouring bodies and Toxicity of effluent of madhaya bharat paper mill, champa, Chattisgarh. For this, Effluent samples were collected from different site of mill and analyzed for Physico-chemical parameters and tried to aware to avoid the problem which come from more effluent. In this study there are high extent of removal of organic matter was obtained for the biological process. All the regulated discharge parameters (Temperature, TDS, TSS, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Conductivity, BOD, COD, DO, Colour, pH, Chloride Sulphate, Phosphorous content.) have been well below their respective discharge limits and even better to the raw water characteristic of other river in general.

Keywords: Toxicity, Effluent, Physico-chemical, Parameters, Conductivity.

ABSTRACT

Histological effects of Rauwafia vomitoria extract commonly used as medicinal plant was studied on mercury induced hepatotoxicity in adult wistar rats weighing between 120 – 210g were used. The rats were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group A served as the control and received 0.5ml of distilled water. Experimental Groups B,C and D received different doses of drugs as follows: group B received 0.6ml 0f extract, group C received 0.5ml of mercury while group D received 0.6ml of extract and 0.5ml of mercury. The oral administration lasted for thirty four days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were weighed, anaestathized under chloroform vapour and dissected. The liver tissues were removed, weighed and trimmed down for histological studies. The liver of the animals in group C was significantly higher (P<0.001)than group A( control) and groupB and D. The result from this study shows that extract of rauwafia vomitoria contain hepatoprotective agents against mercury induced hepatotoxicity.

Keywords: Rauwafia vomitoria, Hepatotoxicity, Liver weight, Wistar rats and Mercury.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Breast feeding has a unique biological and emotional influence on the health of both mother and infant (WHO/UNICEF,1989). Breastfeeding is related to social, cultural and traditional patterns of a given population. Objective: To find out various socio-demographic factors associated with breast feeding practices. Materials & Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in rural and urban areas of Lucknow. Multistage random sampling was used. A pre designed & pretested questionnaire was used and house to house survey was done. 528 infants with their mothers as respondent were interviewed and information about their socio-demographic factors and breast feeding practices were collected. Results: 36.7% mothers started breast feeding within one hour, while 83.0% mothers gave colostrum. Exclusive breast feeding was present in 65.6% mothers. Significant association of early initiation of breast feeding was observed with caste, socio economic status, number of living children, mother’s education, occupation and area. Colostrum feeding was significantly associated with maternal age, type of family, no. of live children, mother’s occupation and area while exclusive breast feeding was significantly associated with mother’s education, occupation, type of family and area.(P-value <0.05). Conclusion & Recommendation: Socio-demographic factors play a pivotal role in determining breast feeding practices. Breast feeding is the single most cost effective intervention for good health in childhood.

Keywords: Breast feeding practices, Exclusive breastfeeding, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an archetype of multipotent somatic stem cells that hold promise for application in regenerative medicine. The present study aimed to isolate MSCs from adipose tissue and amniotic fluid (hAFSCs) and re-differentiation into either adipose. Adult human adipose tissue (hATSCs) contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be harvested readily, safely, and in relative abundance by modern liposuction techniques. MSCs were separated from adipose tissue liposuction and amniotic fluid, cultured in dullbecus modified egal media (DMEM) for two weeks for proliferation of MSCs, which recollected and regrowing in specific media for differentiation of adipocyte cells (ACs). ACs were determined by staining with oil-red O and RT PCR assessments of adipocyte and adiponectin genes.Our findings revealed that the MSCs derived from amniotic fluid cells showed high capacity of differentiation into adipocytes comparing with that derived from adipose tissue. The ACs derived from hAFSCs were more prominent and characterized by reddish brown-droplets following staining with oil red O. Both types of adipocyte stem cells derived from either hATSCs or hAFSCs showed similar expression of molecular bands of adponectin and adipocyte gene. The authors concluded that adipocytes derived from MSCs of hAFSCs were markedly growing and expanded comparing with that hATSCs for application in regenerative medicine.

Keywords: Human adipose tissue, Amniotic fluid cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Adipocyte stem cells, adipocyte gene, adiponectin gene.

ABSTRACT

Clopidogrel is a cholesterol-lowering drug it can help to prevent more plaque from forming. In this present model the effects of Clopidogrel on viscosity of blood has been obtained. This problem of non-Newtonian and non-linear blood flow through a stenosed artery is solved numerically where the non-Newtonian rheology of the flowing blood is characterized by the generalized Power-law and Bingham plastic fluid models. The proposed model are solved and closed form expressions for the blood flow characteristics namely, velocity profile, volumetric flow rate, pressure gradient, resistance to flow, wall shear stress and apparent viscosity are derived. The effects of various parameters entering into problem are discussed with the help of graphs. It has been found that the wall shear stress and resistance to flow and viscosity increases with the non-Newtonian behavior index of the blood as well as tube radius for constant value of the stenosis height for both fluid models but these increases are comparatively small in Power-law fluid model. It has been concluded that the patients entangled to cardiovascular diseases due to blood clots can prevent by giving the regular doses of Clopidogrel in order to dilute the blood. This lowers the blood viscosity. Clopidogrel would be more helpful in the functioning of diseased arterial circulation. This work may be help in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders as well as people working in biomedical field.

Keywords: Clopidogrel, Blood flow, Bingham Plastic Fluid, Power-law Fluid Model, Resistance to Flow, Wall Shear Stress, Stenosis Shape Parameter.

ABSTRACT

          The study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activities of various extracts of whole plant of Dolichos biflorus. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by, Super Oxide Anion Scavenging Activity, Nitric oxide reducing scavenging activity with reference standard Quercetin and Ascorbate respectively and Estimation of total phenolic content also. The methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus was found to more effective in the Superoxide Anion Scavenging Activity. The IC₅₀ of the methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus and Rutin were found to be 200µg/ml and 60µg/ml respectively. An IC₅₀ value was found that methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus is more effective in scavenging superoxide radical than that of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract. But when compare to the all the three extracts with Quercetin (standard), the methanolic extract of the Dolichos biflorus showed the similar result. The nitric oxide scavenging activity of the methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus was found to most effective than that of petroleum ether & ethyl acetate extract. The IC₅₀ value of methanolic extract and ascorbate were recorded as 100µg/ml and 410µg/ml respectively. The total phenol content of pet ether, ethyl acetate, methanolic extract was found to be 3.15, 6.22 and 10.16mg/g respectively. It is concluded that a whole plant of  methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus, which contains large amounts of phenolic compounds, which exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. These in vitro assays indicate that this plant extracts is a better source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.

Keywords: Dolichos biflorus, In vitro antioxidant, Superoxide anion, Nitric oxide reducing scavenging, Total phenol.

ABSTRACT

Various studies have reported that loss of one or both parents to AIDS confronts children with immense Psychological and social problems and this forces them to employ various coping mechanisms to overcome the problems they encounter in their day to day lives. Consequently, the psychological well-being of these children has become a serious concern. To assess the prevalence of low self-esteem among AIDS orphan adolescent’s in Mekelle city Tigray Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used. Two hundred ninety three subjects were included in this study between 10-19 age groups. Data was collected using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and scales including Hamilton-Anxiety Depression and Rosenberg’s rating scale where used to measure the orphans’ level of depression, anxiety and self-esteem. Among the study participants, 38(12.9%) orphan adolescents were found to have low self-esteem in the week before the survey. Generally this study contributes to our understanding of how children respond to parental death. Orphan adolescents are having psychological problems and may be particularly vulnerable group that can affect their present and future life. Thus, a more focused and concerted effort is needed to improve their mental health. In addition to providing material support such as educational materials, medical and food, further studies should be made to compare the psychological health of AIDS, non-AIDS and non-orphan adolescents.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Orphans, Self-esteem.

ABSTRACT

Acoustical and additive properties have been measured for substituted heterocyclic drug (Ramipril) in ethyl alcohol at different temperature. The measurement have been perform to evaluate acoustical parameter such as adiabatic compressibility (βs), Partial molal volume, intermolecular free length (Lf), apparent molal compressibility, specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), salvation number (Sn) and also studied the molar polarization, polarisability constant and thermodynamic properties like free energy change, enthalpy change, entropy change of system.

Keywords: Molar polarization, Polarisability constant, Ultrasonic velocity, Intermolecular free length, Relative association.

ABSTRACT

The study aims to understand the effect of usnic acid and standardized extract of Cladonia furcata on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in rats. The hydro-ethanolic extract of C. furcata in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered orally twice daily at 10:00 and 16:00 h, respectively, for 5 days and usnic acid (100 mg/kg) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg) were given orally one hour prior to the induction of  GERD disease. GERD disease was experimently induced and evaluated by levels of alkaline phosphatase, histamine, lipid peroxidation, H⁺-K⁺-ATPase and catalase in rats. Administration of C. furcata extract significantly reduced oesophageal index from 2.35±0.11 to 0.92±0.04 and usnic acid and omeprazole inhibited the oesophageal index to 1.67±0.47 and 0.43±0.09 respectively, as compared to control group (0.89±0.23). The level of alkaline phosphatase was increased (from 0.13±0.09 to 0.20±0.07) and level of plasma histamine was significantly decreased (from 260.1±14.09 to 189.6±11.25) in extract treated group. Usnic acid and omeprazole showed significantly enhance in alkaline phosphatase level (0.18±0.05 and 0.16±0.05) and decrease in levels of plasma histamine (191.5±10.11 and 181.7±17.10). Treatment with C. furcata at dose of 50-200 mg/kg significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (from 0.48±0.08 to 0.39±0.02), H⁺-K⁺-ATPase (from 1.14±0.01 to 0.51±0.03) and SOD (from 167.2±18.1 to 103.1±7.8) and increased in levels of catalase (from 26.0±1.7 to 32.0±1.4). Usnic acid and omeprazole showed significant inhibition in lipid peroxidation (0.41±0.04 and 0.41±0.06), H⁺-K⁺-ATPase (0.67±0.04 and 0.47±0.02) and SOD (113.3±5.9 and 109.6±6.8) and enhanced the activities of catalase (31.8±3.3 and 31.9±1.8) as compared to GERD group. C. furcata extract attributed to its scavenging the free radicals and possess antioxidant activity as that of usnic acid (100 mg/kg) and proton pump blockers (30 mg/kg) to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Histamine, Alkaline phosphatase, Lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT

The root of Barringtonia acutangula is used traditional Indian medicine to treat epilepsy. In present study the effect of ethanol extract of Barringtonia acutangula (EEBA) on antioxidant enzymes in rat brain after induction of epilepsy by Maximal Electroshock (MES) were observed. In which Superoxide dismutase and catalase was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in rat brain due to epilepsy and it was significantly (P<0.01) restored by administration of ethanol extract of Barringtonia acutangula treated rats. Similar dose dependent results were obtained in MES model. Whereas EEBA significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in both models. The anticonvulsant activity of EEBA might be presents of antioxidant properties and it delays the generation of free radical in MES induced epilepsy.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Barringtonia acutangula L, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase; Catalase, Lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT

High concentrations of fluoride (F–) in drinking water are harmful to human health. This communication reports F– incidence in groundwaterand its relation with the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Ambikapur Block, Sarguja District, Chhattisgarh,India. In 1994 a World Health Organization expert committee on fluoride use stated that 1.0 mg/L should be an absolute upper bound, even in cold climates, and that 0.5 mg/L may be an appropriate lower limit A 2007 Australian systematic review recommended a range from 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L Assay of fluoride concentration in ground water samples around Ambikapur district in Sarguja revealed that fluoride content in beyond the permissible limit in a some residential areas. The extent of Fluoride present in different samples was obtained by spectrophotometer. the extent of fluoride was found in village Badadamali found to be from minimum 2.0 to 3.0 mg/l. village Khirbar found to be from minimum 2.1 to 3.0 mg/l. but in village Mudesha and Nandamali found to be from minimum 2.1 to 3.50 mg/l. it is further added that extent of fluoride content in water depends on the climatic conditions and increase in summer. Keywords: Climate, Dosage, Fluorosis, Permissible limit, Consumption.