ABSTRACT

One of the proposed benefits of targeted therapies is reduced toxicity and improved quality of life. In this review article, we summarize the clinical management of angiogenesis associated diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, cancer and psoriasis and their toxic side effects. We end by discussing the future prospects for the clinical use of vascular targeting in treatment of diabetic retinopathy, cancer and psoriasis.

Keywords: Angiogenesis, Diabetic Retinopathy, Cancer and Psoriasis.

ABSTRACT

Ischemic hypoxic brain injury often causes irreversible brain damage. Lack of efficient and widely applicable pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke has necessitated attention towards novel traditional medicines. Traditionally, the leaves of Ipomoea eriocarpa is used for various diseases, including blood and neuronal disorders. To evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of Ethanol extract of leaves of Ipomoea eriocarpa (EEIE) against the global model of ischemia in rats. In the present study, the animals were pre-treated with EEIE for a period of 1week (200 and 400 mg/kg) p.o. The animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone sodium (45mg/kg) and stroke was induced by Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCAO) for defined period with aneurism clamps placed on both arteries and later (10 minutes) clamps were removed to allow reperfusion and animals were then returned to their cages. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the animal behaviors were evaluated by various methods such as behaviour pattern, Juvenile recognition, Motor activity, rotar rod test, Morris water maze test in stroke induced animals. The treatment was continued for another week after surgery with EEIE. The present studies suggest that, there was a decrease in the escape latency in water maze in stroke induced (negative control) group. The group treated with 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg EEIE showed significant (P<0.01) improvement in the behaviour pattern, and spatial learning, which was confirmed in trial sessions in water maze test when compared with the negative control group. In conclusion, Ethanolextract of leaves of Ipomoea eriocarpa produced cerebroprotective effects in global cerebral ischemia as evident from reduction in behavioral score, hyper locomotion and neuronal damage.

Keywords: Ipomoea eriocarpa, Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion, Cerebral ischemia.

ABSTRACT

Ipomoea eriocarpa a member of the Convolvulaceae family is used in folk medicine because of its treatment in ulcer, fever and rheumatism. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acute oral toxicity and anti-ulcer profile of the Petroleum Ether Extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa (PIE) extract in albino rats. Study on acute toxicity of extract found to be safe at the doses 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines No.423. PIE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally was administered to evaluate anti-ulcer activity by using Ethanol, indomethacin, pyloric ligation (PL), and cold-restraint stress induced gastric ulcer models in Albino rats. Petroleum Ether Extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa dose dependent inhibition in Ethanol, indomethacin, pyloric ligation (PL), and cold-restraint stress induced gastric lesions in rats. All the results are found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05). Hence we suggest that Petroleum Ether Extract of the whole plant of Ipomoea eriocarpapossess anti-ulcer properties that may be due to cytoprotective mechanism. These results support the ethnomedical uses of the plant in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

Keywords: Ipomoea eriocarpa, Convolvulaceae, Ethanol, Indomethacin, Pyloric ligation (PL), and Cold-restraint stress.

ABSTRACT

Yucca gloriosa L. commonly known as Spanish Dagger and Family- Agavaceae. It is a stermsless or rising of stature of small trees and trunk short. The whole plant of Yucca gloriosa L. is used for ulcer, jaundice, asthma and bronchitis. To investigate the hepatoprotective activity and acute oral toxicity of extract of whole plant of Yucca gloriosa L. (PYG) in male Wistar albino rats by using CCl4 induced hepatoptoxicity. The PYG at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, p.o and the standard drug Silymarin (100mg/kg, p.o) were administered three times at 12h intervals and then CCl4 (1ml/kg) was administered to all the groups except normal control for 2 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed by using various biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, γ-GT, TP and total bilirubin along with histopathological studies were observed after 36h of CCl4 treatment. The PYG at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg inhibited CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats as assessed by the biochemical changes and histopathological studies. The pet ether extract of whole plant of Yucca gloriosa L. afforded significant protection against CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury.

Key words: Yucca gloriosa L., Hepatoprotective, CCl4, Silymarin, Hepatotoxicity.

ABSTRACT

Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. belongs to the family Arecaceae. The root of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. is used for tooth ache, urinary disorders, digestive disorders and ulcer. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of ethanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. (EPS) root by determining its potential toxicity after acute and chronic administration in rats. Study on acute toxicity of extract found to be safe at the doses 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines No.423. General behavior adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, the EPS was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once in a week for 6 weeks to rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined after 6 weeks. In the acute study in rats, there was no toxicity/ death was observed at the dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. The onset of toxicity and signs of toxicity also not there. In the chronic toxicity study, no significant treatment-related changes in the levels of haematological, hepatic and renal parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid, protein and glucose, and serum ALP activities were observed at the termination of the study. It suggests that the ethanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. does not appear to have significant toxicity. In view of the dose of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. consumed in traditional medicine, there is a wide margin of safety for the therapeutic use of the ethanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. root.

Key words: Phoenix sylvestris Roxb., Traditional Medicine, Acute and Chronic Toxicity, Heamatological Parameters, Biochemical Parameters.

ABSTRACT

Luffa acutangula (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is commonly known as Ridge gourd. It is a widely growing vegetative climber. In the present study we evaluated the anticataleptic efficacy of ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula in haloperidol induced catalepsy in rats. Scientific evaluation of this claim using experimental model Anticataleptic activity using block method, Locomotor activity in actophotometer and Exploratory behavior in hole board apparatus. From the observations of above studies it could be envisaged, that the protective effect of ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula against symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may be due to regulation in neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, glutamate which are playing an important role in protection of catalepsy and antioxidant properties. Further studies have to be conducted on the various extracts and isolated principles of the plant for their effects on other CNS disorders.

Keywords: Luffa acutangula, Catalepsy, Parkinsonism, CNS disorders.

ABSTRACT

In this study, Some 3-substituted [(phenyl) methylidene] amino}ethyl)amino]quinoxalin-2(1H)-one have been synthesized by Phillips condensation mechanism. All the final derivatives were evaluated for antimicrobial activity in vitro by using Disc diffusion method. It was found that all the selected compounds exhibit wide antimicrobial activity and that compound IIId had a broad spectrum of activity.

Keywords: Quinoxaline, Anti microbial, Phillips condensation, Disc diffusion method